If a continuous bandwidth limited signal contains no frequency components higher than a specified frequency the original signal con be recovered without distortion if it is sampled at a rate of at least twice the specified frequency.

The master control program that governs the operation of a computer system. Software or firmware that manages the internal memory allocation and the control of peripheral devices for applications programs.

Two networks connected only through an optoelectric transmitter and receiver with no electrical continuity between the two networks.

When in the process of adding signed binary numbers a carry of 1 is generated from the MSB position of the number into the sign bit position.

Combining computer generated graphics or text with live or recorded video.

A 50Hz composite color video standard used in many parts of the world. The phase alternation makes the signal relatively immune to certain distortions (compared to NTSC). PAL is used in Western Europe, India, China, and some Middle East countries.

Additional bit that is attached to each cod group so that total number of 1s being transmitted is always even (or always odd).

A high level programming language originally developed as a tool for teaching the concepts of structured programming. It has evolved in a powerful general purpose language popular for writing scientific and business programs.

A filter circuit using only resistors, capacitors, and inductors (no active devices such as integrated circuit amplifiers).

The continuous digitizing and display of an image or video.